Educar en la justicia, el pensamiento del Papa Emérito Benedicto XVI / Educate in justice, the thought of the emeritus Pope Benedicto XVI

Acorde al llamado que hiciera el Sto. Padre Benedicto XVI a colaborar en la educación de los jóvenes en la justicia y la paz, los educadores de todos los niveles educacionales están directamente interpelados a colaborar a través de la configuración de modos didácticos de acercamiento a la concepción cristiana de justicia. El rescate y análisis pedagógico de testimonios de intelectuales que han contribuido con su vida y con sus obras a la manifestación concreta de las principales dimensiones de la justicia, puede constituir una alternativa de acercamiento a la multidimensionalidad de la concepción de justicia. Para tal efecto, se ha desarrollado un análisis hermenéutico de documentos escritos por el papa Benedicto XVI, con la finalidad de explicitar los factores y valores implicados en la concepción cristiana de justicia y a la luz de estos se han contrastado los testimonios de cuatro pensadores cristianos: León Bloy, Irena Sendler, Enrique Salas y Alexis Carrell. Ha sido factible destacar que si bien trabajaron en distintos campos de especialización, ellos y ella encarnaron algunas dimensiones y valores asociados a la justicia, como la justicia social, la fraternidad, la caridad y la relación entre justicia y democracia.

According St. Pope Benedict XVI called to all educational levels teachers for to assist in the youth education in the justice and peace, are directly concerned to collaborate through the configuration of teaching modes of approach to the christian conception of Justice. The rescue and educational analysis of testimonies of intellectuals - who contributed with his life and his works to the concrete manifestation of the main dimensions of the justice can constitute an alternative approach to the multidimensionality of the concept of Justice. For this purpose, a hermeneutic analysis of documents written by Benedicto XVI, in order to explain the factors has developed and values involved in the christian Justice conception in the light of these, have contrasted the testimonies of four christian thinkers, León Bloy, Irena Sendler, Enrique Salas and Alexis Carrell. It has been possible to highlight that even though they worked in diff erent specialization fi elds, they and she embodied some dimensions and values associated with justice, as social justice, fraternity, charity and the relationship between justice and democracy.

[Long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use in obstructive sleep apnea]. / Uso de CPAP nasal en el largo plazo en síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño.

BACKGROUND: The use of CPAP is the conventional therapy for the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). AIM: To establish the proportion of OSAS patients with CPAP indication who use it in the long-term and to determine predictive factors of adherence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Structured survey through personal interview or phone call, applied to all patients who had polisomnographically documented OSAS and CPAP titration at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Sleep Disorders Center between January 1998 and November 2001. Patients were divided in "Permanent Users" (Group I) and "Non Users" (Group II). RESULTS: Of 440 patients that fulfilled inclusion criteria, 162 (32.8%) answered the survey. Seventy percent (114/162) of these patients had used CPAP and 86% (98/114) continued to use it at the time of the interview, with a mean follow-up of 12.3 months (Group I 60.5% of the interviewed population). Group II included 64 patients (39.5% of the interviewed patients). Among the latter, 25% (16/64) stopped using CPAP due to intolerance, 25% (16/64) could not use it because of economical restrictions, 20.5% (13/64) preferred other therapies and 29.5% (15/64) merely refused treatment. Predictors of long-term use of CPAP were number of respiratory events (p <0.01), hypersomnolence (p <0.01) and age (p =0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two thirds of patients with OSAS, with an indication for CPAP, continue to use this therapy in the long term in a Chilean population. This figure is similar to other reports from abroad. It is also possible to identify predictive factors for CPAP discontinuation in this population.

Uso de CPAP nasal en el largo plazo en síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño / Long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use in obstructive sleep apnea

Background: The use of CPAP is the conventional therapy for the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Aim To establish the proportion of OSAS patients with CPAP indication who use it in the long-term and to determine predictive factors of adherence. Patients and Methods: Structured survey through personal interview or phone call, applied to all patients who had polisomnographically documented OSAS and CPAP titration at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Sleep Disorders Center between January 1998 and November 2001. Patients were divided in "Permanent Users" (Group I) and "Non Users" (Group II). Results: Of 440 patients that fulfilled inclusion criteria, 162 (32.8 percent) answered the survey. Seventy percent (114/162) of these patients had used CPAP and 86 percent (98/114) continued to use it at the time of the interview, with a mean follow-up of 12.3 months (Group I 60.5 percent of the interviewed population). Group II included 64 patients (39.5 percent of the interviewed patients). Among the latter, 25 percent (16/64) stopped using CPAP due to intolerance, 25 percent (16/64) could not use it because of economical restrictions, 20.5 percent (13/64) preferred other therapies and 29.5 percent (15/64) merely refused treatment. Predictors of long-term use of CPAP were number of respiratory events (p <0.01), hypersomnolence (p <0.01) and age (p =0.03). Conclusions: Approximately two thirds of patients with OSAS, with an indication for CPAP, continue to use this therapy in the long term in a Chilean population. This figure is similar to other reports from abroad. It is also possible to identify predictive factors for CPAP discontinuation in this population.

Enfermería para el autocuidado en personas con problemas de sueño / Nursing self care in sleep disorders

El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer la percepción de la eficacia del Programa de Enfermería para el Autocuidadode adultos con problemas del sueño atendidos en el Centro de Estudios Médicos del Sueño de la Universidad Católica de Chile (CEMS), entre los años 1999 y 2000, en Santiago de Chile. Es un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, en una muestra de 25 adultos, constituida en un 72 por ciento por mujeres. El 52 por ciento de los entrevistados tiene entre 20 y 39 años, el 78 por ciento se clasifica en un nivel socio-económico alto y medio-alto, el 100 por ciento tiene enseñanza secundaria completa y el problema de sueño más frecuente es el insomnio de conciliación. Más del 80 por ciento consume medicamentos para dormir, de ellos el 85 por ciento refiere haber disminuido las dosis durantre y después de haber asistido al Programa de Enfermería para el Autocuidado. El 84 por ciento de los entrevistados us aactualmente algunas de las técnicas aprendidas: 36 por ciento higiene del sueño, 12 por ciento relajación e imaginería y otro 36 por ciento ambas. el 80 por ciento percibió como beneficios del programa la mejoría en la calidad del sueño y una sensación de mayor serennidad y tranquilidad en su diario vivir, por lo mismo una mejor calidad de vida.